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Hitting Mechanics 101

I have (much) more to say about hitting than I talk about on my DVD. Some instructors have tried to solve this problem by embedding their supplementary information in posts and threads in client-only message boards. I have found that approach doesn't work well for most people -- for people who aren't completely obsessed with hitting -- because it makes finding critical information a difficult and time-consuming process. As a result, I have decided to organize my supplementary information differently, and have organized it into a series of webbooks.

If you are new to my client site and are just looking to browse, or don't know where to start, then you might want to start with the gold star articles as they are the articles that people have told me had the biggest impact on them. Articles marked with a are Works In Progress that I am still working on and/or mulling over. Articles marked with a are hosted on my public web site and are viewable by everyone. Articles marked with a are viewable by all registered users of my client site.

1.0. Executive Summary 5.9.2012

2.0. Getting Started 
   2.1. Errata
   2.2. My Experience with Andres Torres   
      2.2.1. Andres Torres' Swing
      2.2.2. Model Swings: Andres Torres
   2.3. Guru Guides 
      2.3.1. Mike Epstein 
      2.3.2. Don Mattingly
   2.4. A Few Words About Terminology

3.0. The Truth About the Swing 
   3.1. The Hanson Principle
   3.2. It's The Same Swing! 
   3.3. Style vs. Substance
   3.4. But Can a Kid Do That? 

4.0. Rotational Hitting 101 

5.0. First, Do No Harm
   5.1. Myths About Hitting
      5.1.1. Level Swing
      5.1.2. Level Shoulders
      5.1.3. The Hands Lead the Hips
      5.1.4. Linear, Direct, A to C Hand Path
         5.1.4.1. The Myth of the A to C Swing  
            5.1.4.1.1. Short to the Ball... 5.14.2012
      5.1.5. Keep the Barrel Above the Hands
      5.1.6. Launching the Swing...
      5.1.7. Swing Down on the Ball (for Backspin)
      5.1.8. Extension and the Power V at the Point Of Contact
      5.1.9. Get Your Front Foot Down Early
      5.1.10. Unbroken Wrists
      5.1.11. Limited Shoulder Rotation
   5.2. Misconceptions About Hitting
      5.2.1. Extension
      5.2.2. Squishing the Bug
      5.2.3. The Back Knee
   5.3. Phony Flaws 
      5.3.1. Hitch
      5.3.2. Loop
      5.3.3. Chicken Wing
      5.3.4. Dipping/Dropping the Barrel
      5.3.5. Uppercutting
      5.3.6. Dropping the Back Shoulder
      5.3.7. Bat Wrap
      5.3.8. Alligator Arms
   5.4. Bad or Problematic Hitting Cues
   5.5. Bad or Problematic Hitting Drills

6.0. The (Relatively) Absolutes and Non-Absolutes of Hitting  

7.0. What to Teach When
   7.1. Tee Ball
   7.2. Coach Pitch
      7.2.1. A Program for Teaching Younger Hitters
   7.3. Elementary School
      7.3.1. Bat Drag: What it is and How to Fix It
      7.3.2. Get Your Back Elbow Up?
   7.4. Middle School
   7.5. High School and Beyond
      7.5.1. The Most Common Problem in Older Hitters

8.0. Hitting Diaries
   8.1. Andres Torres  5.9.2012
      8.1.1. Line Drives, Hitting the Ball Hard, and Success
      8.1.2. Andres Torres Cheat Sheet
      8.1.3. Andres Torres Locker Hanger 
   8.2. My Younger Son
      8.2.1. Fifth Grade Hitting Diary (11U)
         8.2.1.1. Bat Drag: What It Is and How to Fix It
      8.2.2. Sixth Grade Hitting Diary (12U) 5.10.2012
   8.3. Other Clients 

8.0. Understanding the Swing
   8.1. The Stages of the Swing
      8.1.1. Set-Up
         8.1.1.1. The Grip
      8.1.2. Gather
      8.1.3. Shift and Load
      8.1.4. Rotate
      8.1.5. Finish  
   8.2. The Anatomy of the Swing
      8.2.1. The Anatomy of Albert Pujols' Swing
      8.2.2. The Anatomy of Caitlin Benyi's Swing
   8.3. Concepts
      8.3.1. Rotation
         8.3.1.1. Compactness
            8.3.1.1.1. The Inside-Out Swing
            8.3.1.1.2. Short to the Ball...
         8.3.1.2. Separation
            8.3.1.2.1. Loading
               8.3.1.2.1.1. When in Doubt, Load...
               8.3.1.2.1.2. Loading the Hands
               8.3.1.2.1.3. Walking Away from the Hands
               8.3.1.2.1.4. Stretching the Bungee Cord
               8.3.1.2.1.5. Running Start
               8.3.1.2.1.6. Resisting Movement 
               8.3.1.2.1.7. Scapular Loading
         8.3.1.3. Middle-Out
         8.3.1.4. Coil
            8.3.1.4.1. Holding the Coil
         8.3.1.5. The Move
            8.3.1.5.1. Matt Holliday's Back Foot
            8.3.1.5.2. Back Knee Extension: What Does it Mean?
            8.3.1.5.3. Albert Pujols' Back Leg  5.3.2012
         8.3.1.6. Heel Hop
         8.3.1.7. The Tush Line
         8.3.1.8. Abduction of the Back Leg
      8.3.2. Connection
         8.3.2.1. Curved Hand Path 
         8.3.2.2. The Role of the Back Arm and the Top Hand
      8.3.3. Swing Plane
         8.3.3.1. Slight Uppercut
      8.3.4. Alignment
         8.3.4.1. Tilt and Alignment
         8.3.4.2. The Angle of the Barrel at Set-Up
            8.3.4.2.1. Launching the Swing...
         8.3.4.3. Flat Hands
         8.3.4.4. One Plane and Two Plane Swings
      8.3.5. Adjustability
         8.3.5.1. X-Axis Adjustability
            8.3.5.1.1. X-Axis Adjustability and Hip Rotation
         8.3.5.2. Y-Axis Adjustability
            8.3.5.2.1. Tilt
               8.3.5.2.1.1. Tilt and Alignment
         8.3.5.3. Z-Axis Adjustability
            8.3.5.3.1 Delaying Mechanism
         8.1.5.4. Adjust Late 5.4.2012
      8.3.6. Posture 
      8.3.7. Whip
         8.3.7.1. Whip and the Back Elbow 5.13.2012
            8.3.7.1.1. Hands Back: When?
            8.3.7.1.2. Double Pendulum 
               8.3.7.1.2.1. Whip and the Soccer Kick
         8.3.7.2. The Role of the Hands
            8.3.7.2.1. Whip and the Grip
         8.3.7.3. Hinge Angle
         8.3.7.4. Judging Whip
         8.3.7.5. Reducing the Radius
      8.3.8. Timing
         8.3.8.1. Yes, Yes, No
  8.4. There's More to Hitting Than The Swing
      8.4.1. Get a Good Pitch to Hit 
      8.4.2. Line Drives, Hitting the Ball Hard, and Success
      8.4.3. The Vision Thing 
      8.4.4. The Inner Game of Hitting
      8.4.5. Hit the Ball Where It's Pitched

9.0. Evaluating The Swing
   9.1. Video Cameras
   9.2. My Process
      9.2.1. Positions 
         9.2.1.1. CHin On Front Arm (CHOFA)
         9.2.1.2. Shaft To Shoulder (STS)
         9.2.1.3. Bat Lag
         9.2.1.4. Point Of Contact (POC)
         9.2.1.5. Whip Position 
            9.2.1.5.1. Judging Whip
         9.2.1.6. Extension Position
      9.2.2. Shapes
         9.2.2.1. The Box, The L, and The Parallelogram
         9.2.2.2. Triangular Pyramid
            9.2.2.2.1. Elbow Linkage
         9.2.2.3. Inverted Triangle
         9.2.2.4. Vertical V
         9.2.2.5. Power L
      9.2.3. Sequencing
         9.2.3.1. Heel Hop
      9.2.4. Synchronization
      9.2.5. Five Frame Swing
   9.3. Developing Your Eye
      9.3.1. Youth Hitter One
   9.4. Hitting Problem Troubleshooter
      9.4.1. Troubleshooting...
         9.4.1.1. Younger Hitters
         9.4.1.2. Older Hitters
      9.4.2. Common Hitting Problems
         9.4.2.1. Adjustability Problem
            9.4.2.1.1. Level Swing
         9.4.2.2. Arm Bar and Casting
            10.4.2.2.1. Hands Behind the Back Elbow
         9.4.2.3. Cutting the Swing Short
         9.4.2.4. Disconnection
            9.4.2.4.1. Bat Drag
               9.4.2.4.1.1. Bat Drag: What It Is and How to Fix It
               9.4.2.4.1.2. Get Your Back Elbow Up?
            9.4.2.4.2. Dominant Back Arm
            9.4.2.4.3. Leaky Back Elbow
            9.4.2.4.4. Push Disconnection
            9.4.2.4.5. Linear Knob Pull
               9.4.2.4.5.1. Derek Jeter's Dominant Back Arm
         9.4.2.5. Dropping the Hands
         9.4.2.6. Extension at the POC on Every Swing
         9.4.2.7. Happy Feet
            9.4.2.7.1. Happy Front Foot
            9.4.2.7.2. Happy Back Foot
         9.4.2.7. Lack of a Delaying Mechanism
         9.4.2.8. Loading Problems
            9.4.2.8.1. Not Loading
            9.4.2.8.2. Load then Shift
            9.4.2.8.3. Loading too Early
            9.4.2.8.4. Loading too Late
            9.4.2.8.5. Sway
         9.4.2.9. Losing the Hinge Angle
         9.4.2.10. Not Swinging at Strikes
         9.4.2.11. Rotation Problems
            9.4.2.11.1. Arm-y Swing
               9.4.2.11.1.1. Arm-y, Top-Down, Sweeping Swing
                  9.4.2.11.1.1.1. Arm-y Swing and Dead Lower Half
               9.4.2.11.1.2. Getting Long in the Back
               9.4.2.11.1.3. Hitting from the Top
            9.4.2.11.2. Fanning the Front Foot Open
            9.4.2.11.3. Hip Slide
            9.4.2.11.4. Jumping the Gun
            9.4.2.11.5. Lack of Separation
            9.4.2.11.6. Lunging
               9.4.2.11.6.1. Rolling Onto the Inside of the Back Foot
            9.4.2.11.7. Poor Hip Rotation
            9.4.2.11.8. Reverse Stride
            9.4.2.11.9. Sliding Back Foot
            9.4.2.11.10. Soft Front Knee
            9.4.2.11.11. Stomping the Front Foot
         9.4.2.12. Squatting
         9.4.2.13. Stepping in the Bucket
         9.4.2.14. Swing Plane Problems
            9.4.2.14.1. Chopping Down on the Ball
            9.4.2.14.2. Dumping the Barrel
            9.4.2.14.3. Launching the Swing...
               9.4.2.14.3.1. Pulling the Hands out...
            9.4.2.14.4. Level Swing/Flat Swing Plane

10.0. Developing The Swing
   10.1. See This? Do This.
      10.1.1. Observational Learning
      10.1.2. The Limits of Emulation
      10.1.3. Model Swings
      10.1.4. Hitting Flipbooks
   10.2. Swing Development Program
      10.2.1. Drills: How and Why They are Like Medicine
      10.2.2. Should we Teach Hitting by Drilling or by Hitting?
      10.2.3. Start Every Batting Practice Session with...
      10.2.4. Where to Start?
   10.3. Hitting Diaries
      10.3.1. Andres Torres
         10.3.1.1. Andres Torres Cheat Sheet
         10.3.1.2. Andres Torres Locker Hanger
      10.3.2. My Younger Son
         10.3.2.1. Fifth Grade (11U)
         10.3.2.2. Sixth Grade (12U)
      10.3.3. Other Clients
   10.4. Good Hitting Cues 
   10.5. Good Hitting Drills
      10.5.1. Signature Drills
         10.5.1.1. Primary Drills
            10.5.1.1.1. George Brett Drill
         10.5.1.2. Transitional Drills
            10.5.1.2.1. Caitlin Benyi Drill
            10.5.1.2.2. Paul Molitor Drill
         10.5.1.3. Concept Drills
            10.5.1.3.1. Carlos Beltran Drill
            10.5.1.3.2. Lance Berkman Drill
            10.5.1.3.3. Jim Edmonds Drill
            10.5.1.3.4. Ben Hogan Drill
            10.5.1.3.5. Matt Holliday Drill
            10.5.1.3.6. Joe Mauer Drill
            10.5.1.3.7. Stan Musial Drill
            10.5.1.3.8. Hunter Pence Drill
            10.5.1.3.9. Albert Pujols Drill
            10.5.1.3.10. Pete Rose Drill
            10.5.1.3.11. Ted Williams Drill
      10.5.2. Gadget-Based Drills
         10.5.2.1. Target Tee Drill
         10.5.2.2. Hinge Bat Drill
      10.5.3. Common Drills
         10.5.3.1. Back Foot Fence Drill
         10.5.3.2. Deep Tee Drill
         10.5.3.3. Front Arm Swing Drill
         10.5.3.4. Happy Gilmore Drill
         10.5.3.5. High Tee Drill
         10.5.3.6. Neck Drill
         10.5.3.7. No-Stride Swing Drill
         10.5.3.8. Open Top Hand Drill
         10.5.3.9. Playing Card Drill
         10.5.3.10. Slow Motion Drill
   10.6. Training and Conditioning
      10.6.1. Tools
         10.6.1.1. Batting Tee
         10.6.1.2. Full-Length Mirror
         10.6.1.3. Common Hitting Gadgets
      10.6.2. Smaller Barrel Training
      10.6.3. Overweight/Underweight Bat Training

11.0. Frequently-Asked Questions (FAQ)
   11.1. The Role of the Hands in the Swing
      11.1.1. Wrist Snap
   11.2. Hitting the Curveball
      11.2.1. Delaying Mechanism
   11.3. Moving Beyond the A to C Swing
      11.3.1. The Myth of the A to C Swing  
   11.4. Backspin
      11.4.1. The Myth of Backspin
   11.5. Get Your Back Elbow Up?
   11.6. How high should you hold your hands?
      11.6.1. When should the hands drop below the shoulders?
      11.6.2. How do you hit the high pitch?
      11.6.3. How do you hit high inside strikes?
   11.7. How hard should you swing?
   11.8. What is the proper role of the hands?
      11.8.1. How much is disconnection?
   11.9. Loop in the Swing
   11.10. Weight Shift
   11.11. Ground Balls, Line Drives, or Fly Balls
   11.12. The Slight Uppercut and Fast Pitch Softball

12.0. What the Research Says
   12.1. Line Drives, Hitting the Ball Hard, and Success 
   12.2. A Program for Teaching Younger Hitters  
   12.3. Overweight/Underweight Bat Training 
   12.4. The Vision Thing 

13.0. Deep Thoughts
   13.1. The (Hitting) Revolution Will Be Televised
   13.2. The Limits of Linear Hitting
   13.3. Style vs. Substance
   13.4. Cargo Cult Coaching
   13.5. Dealing with the Misinformed Coach or Instructor
   13.6. Cues, Feel, and Reality
   13.7. The Swing from Era to Era

14.0. Appendixes
   14.1. Bat Sizing Guide
   14.2. Video Cameras
   14.3. Sports Science
      14.3.1. Stretch-Shortening Cycle
      14.3.2. The Physics of The Swing and The Throw
         14.3.2.1. Kinetic Chain
         14.3.2.2. Reducing the Radius
         14.3.2.3. Conservation of Momentum
            14.3.2.3.1. Conservation of Linear Momentum
            14.3.2.3.2. Conservation of Angular Momentum
            14.3.2.3.3. Whip and the Back Elbow
               14.3.2.3.3.1. Double Pendulum

15.0. Hitting Flipbooks

16.0. Model Swings
   16.1. Allen Craig  5.14.2012

Notice of Restricted & Proprietary Content

Please note that the information that is only available for my hitting clients is both copyright and proprietary. It may not be copied, forwarded, posted to another web site, or even linked to from another web site. Any person who copies or posts this information to another web site, or who provides unauthorized access to this web site, will be banned from this web siit.